Article about recycling EV batteries versus using EV batteries for stationary storage. At this time, recycling is not very efficient.
Quote: ““Today we are not very good at recovering metals, loosing almost all the lithium, silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, and graphite, while recovering only copper, cobalt, and nickel which are more expensive,” he says.””
This suggests that it would be better to use used EV batteries for stationary battery storage. But it’s possible that new sodium ion batteries will become so low cost that they will replace the used lithium EV batteries. It just remains to develop production of sodium ion batteries to where the supply can meet the demand for battery energy storage systems.
The future holds many, many more EV batteries. And therein lies a solution to grid storage.