A quick Google search for “US meat subsidies” turned up this:
$38B/year in meat and dairy subsidies, $17M/year for fruits and vegetables.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26872805:nIE
https://disq.us/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26872805%3AnIEsjCg05Ef7QCY7oVPiSJ1IQR4&cuid=469956
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Direct corn ethanol subsidies are lower, around $100M. But indirectly, the renewable portfolio standard forces fuel companies to subsidize ethanol by mandating it.
https://www.taxpayer.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/TCS-Biofuels-Subsidies-Report.pdf
Perennial grass ethanol has not advanced as hoped 20 years ago, so corn gets it all – with massive infusions of fossil-based fertilizers, so there’s no reduction in emissions.
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As for food value in meat and emissions:
https://ourworldindata.org/less-meat-or-sustainable-meat
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On a protein basis, beef, lamb and cheese consumption result in 15-40 times more emissions than plant-based proteins. Even processed plant proteins like tofu have 60-70% lower emissions than the best animal proteins like eggs, fish and chicken. This is based on a study of tens of thousands of farms in the journal Science.
On a calorie basis, meat is even worse, about 30 times the emissions and land use per calorie of energy available.
Though there’s not a uniform world market for meat, most of the Amazon deforestation is going to grow soy animal feed for meat production. So indirectly, meat consumption drives the market for Amazon rainforest destruction, as at the margin, that’s the first meat production to go.
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