Re: the efficiency of electric lighting systems, that’s very low. This was written before LED lights had become widespread, so I wonder what the number would be today. Probably somewhat higher.
From https://ieer.org/pubs/atomicmyths.html
Also see https://ieer.org/resource/carbon-emissions/electric-future-nuclear-carb-diet/
“The average efficiency of electric lighting systems is about one percent – that is, only about one percent of the energy in the fuel used to generate the electricity comes out as visible light energy. The rest is wasted as heat either at the power plant or in the light bulb. Even high-efficiency lamps have an efficiency of only about three percent.11
Passenger transportation efficiency is similarly dismal. The useful work done when a car weighing 1.5 tons transports one person weighing 150 or 200 pounds is typically about one percent or less of the energy content of the fuel input, even if one does not take into account the fact that much of the driving is typically done to earn the money needed to purchase and maintain the vehicle.12″
