{"id":14636,"date":"2020-11-28T18:53:38","date_gmt":"2020-11-29T02:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/?p=14636"},"modified":"2020-11-28T19:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-11-29T03:01:29","slug":"2020-11-28-studies-of-reliability-of-fact-checking-by-laypersons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/?p=14636","title":{"rendered":"2020-11-28 Studies Of Reliability Of Fact Checking By Laypersons"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Two studies of whether or not laypersons can be relied on in large numbers to fact check news sites. They singled out Facebook as being one of the worst for fake news. Gee, I wonder why? &#x1f917;&#x1f602;   It says Republicans distrust mainstream news sources &#8211; no surprise there; they go out of their way to label mainstream news as Fake News.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/116\/7\/2521<\/p>\n<p>Quote from Abstract<\/p>\n<p>&gt;&gt; <span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\">Reducing the spread of misinformation, especially on social media, is a major challenge. We investigate one potential approach: having social media platform algorithms preferentially display content from news sources that users rate as trustworthy. To do so, we ask whether crowdsourced trust ratings can effectively differentiate more versus less reliable sources. We ran two preregistered experiments (<\/span><em style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \" open sans\", helveticaneue, \"helvetica neue\", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: widows: word-spacing: -webkit-text-stroke-width: background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\">n<\/em><span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\"><span> <\/span>= 1,010 from Mechanical Turk and<span> <\/span><\/span><em style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \" open sans\", helveticaneue, \"helvetica neue\", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: widows: word-spacing: -webkit-text-stroke-width: background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\">n<\/em><span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\"><span> <\/span>= 970 from Lucid) where individuals rated familiarity with, and trust in, 60 news sources from three categories: (<\/span><em style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \" open sans\", helveticaneue, \"helvetica neue\", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: widows: word-spacing: -webkit-text-stroke-width: background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\">i<\/em><span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\">) mainstream media outlets, (<\/span><em style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \" open sans\", helveticaneue, \"helvetica neue\", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: widows: word-spacing: -webkit-text-stroke-width: background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\">ii<\/em><span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\">) hyperpartisan websites, and (<\/span><em style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \" open sans\", helveticaneue, \"helvetica neue\", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: widows: word-spacing: -webkit-text-stroke-width: background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\">iii<\/em><span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\">) websites that produce blatantly false content (\u201cfake news\u201d). Despite substantial partisan differences, we find that laypeople across the political spectrum rated mainstream sources as far more trustworthy than either hyperpartisan or fake news sources. Although this difference was larger for Democrats than Republicans\u2014mostly due to distrust of mainstream sources by Republicans\u2014every mainstream source (with one exception) was rated as more trustworthy than every hyperpartisan or fake news source across both studies when equally weighting ratings of Democrats and Republicans. Furthermore, politically balanced layperson ratings were strongly correlated (<\/span><em style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \" open sans\", helveticaneue, \"helvetica neue\", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: widows: word-spacing: -webkit-text-stroke-width: background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\">r<\/em><span style=\"color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:\" opensans\",helveticaneue,\"helveticaneue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-style:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; display:inline!important; float:none; text-align:left;\"><span> <\/span>= 0.90) with ratings provided by professional fact-checkers. We also found that, particularly among liberals, individuals higher in cognitive reflection were better able to discern between low- and high-quality sources.<\/span> &lt;&lt;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two studies of whether or not laypersons can be relied on in large numbers to fact check news sites. They singled out Facebook as being one of the worst for fake news. Gee, I wonder why? &#x1f917;&#x1f602; It says Republicans distrust mainstream news sources &#8211; no surprise there; they go out of their way to<a href=\"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/?p=14636\"> <\/p>\n<p> (Read More&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14636"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14638,"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14636\/revisions\/14638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rustybolt.info\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}